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Messages from 126025

Article: 126025
Subject: Re: Programming connection
From: m <martin.usenet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 20:30:37 -0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
> Because you're so concerned about cost, I'll assume you have a very high
> production.  

While I am not high production, the extra cost becomes significant for
some assemblies.  If we get away from FPGA's and enter into the world
of small inexpensive microcontrollers in equally small boards, adding
a programming connector is expensive in more than one way.  Typical
connectors used for JTAG programming can dwarf microcontrollers and
expand the PCB.  There's also the wear-and-tear on the programmer side
of the ribbon cable if you are doing a few hundred boards at a time.

I guess I am looking for a solution that we can adopt across new
designs and keep life simple.  Although the financial cost of
connectors might not be all that significant, there's a lot more
beyond raw cost that makes them undesirable.

Thanks for the link to the paper describing the "soft touch" test
connector.  It sounds like a very good solution for test and
troubleshooting needs.

-M


Article: 126026
Subject: Re: Problem using xilinx usb download cable in linux
From: roger <roger.jons@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 12:52:43 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Nov 10, 1:07 pm, Michael Gernoth <m...@gernoth.net> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> On Sat, 03 Nov 2007 22:04:14 -0000, roger wrote:
> > I have installed the usb-driver fromhttp://www.rmdir.de/~michael/xilinx
> > and I have managed to light up the green led to the usb download cable
> > on the spartan 3e starter kit. The green led is going black every 6-8
> > second and then green again.
>
> I have not heard of this behaviour previously. For me this seems to
> indicate that the cable gets dis- and reconnected all the time.
> Do you see reoccuring dis-/reconnects in "dmesg".
>
> > I don't manage to get a connection to the board using Impact. lsusb
> > gives me the following:
>
> > Bus 005 Device 012: ID 03fd:0008 Xilinx, Inc.
> > [...]
> > can't get device qualifier: Operation not permitted
>
> What are the permissions on /dev/bus/usb/005/012 (or the current
> location of the cable)? This error might show there is a permission
> problem. You did add the MODE-line to an udev rules-file?
>
> > and Impact says:
>
> > Connecting to cable (Usb Port - USB21).
> > Checking cable driver.
> > File version of /usr/share/xusbdfwu.hex = 1025(dec), 0401.
> >  libusb-driver.so version: 2007-10-08 15:43:55.
> > Cable connection failed.
>
> If you preload libusb-driver-DEBUG.so instead of libusb-driver.so you
> get a much more detailed output, which could tell why impact does not
> find the device (which according to your lsusb-output has the correct
> firmware loaded).
>
> Regards,
>   Michael

Hi Michael,

The permissions on /dev/bus/usb/005/016 is:

crw-rw-r-- 1 root root 189, 512 2007-11-12 18:37 001
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 189, 527 2007-11-12 21:45 016

from the dmesg output you can see that the cable jumps around between
different buses:

[14746.456000] usb 5-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and
address 14
[14746.588000] usb 5-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
[14746.972000] usb 5-2: USB disconnect, address 14
[14748.984000] usb 1-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and
address 10
[14749.124000] usb 1-2: not running at top speed; connect to a high
speed hub
[14749.148000] usb 1-2: configuration #3 chosen from 1 choice
[14778.480000] usb 1-2: USB disconnect, address 10
[14780.092000] usb 5-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and
address 16
[14780.224000] usb 5-2: configuration #2 chosen from 1 choice

Any idea why I get this behaviour?

Thanks!

/Roger


Article: 126027
Subject: Re: Programming connection
From: Gabor <gabor@alacron.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 14:19:49 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Nov 12, 3:30 pm, m <martin.use...@gmail.com> wrote:
> > Because you're so concerned about cost, I'll assume you have a very high
> > production.
>
> While I am not high production, the extra cost becomes significant for
> some assemblies.  If we get away from FPGA's and enter into the world
> of small inexpensive microcontrollers in equally small boards, adding
> a programming connector is expensive in more than one way.  Typical
> connectors used for JTAG programming can dwarf microcontrollers and
> expand the PCB.  There's also the wear-and-tear on the programmer side
> of the ribbon cable if you are doing a few hundred boards at a time.
>
> I guess I am looking for a solution that we can adopt across new
> designs and keep life simple.  Although the financial cost of
> connectors might not be all that significant, there's a lot more
> beyond raw cost that makes them undesirable.
>
> Thanks for the link to the paper describing the "soft touch" test
> connector.  It sounds like a very good solution for test and
> troubleshooting needs.
>
> -M


Also don't assume that gold plating increases the board cost
significantly.
We've been using ENIG (electroless nickel/immersion gold) on all of
our
production boards for some time now.  We initially changed to ENIG due
to process problems with white tin, but stuck with it when we realised
that the cost differential was small.  This is not the same sort of
plating you would need on an edge connector finger.  Connectors need
at least 15 microinches of gold plate to be reliable.  The ENIG
plating is very thin, but enough to increase the board's shelf life
if you don't build them up right away.  And the "pogo" style pins are
non-wiping so you should still get several programming cycles out
of the ENIG's minimal plating.

Regards,
Gabor


Article: 126028
Subject: Re: Problem using xilinx usb download cable in linux
From: Michael Gernoth <mike@gernoth.net>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 23:30:02 +0000 (UTC)
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Mon, 12 Nov 2007 12:52:43 -0800, roger wrote:
> On Nov 10, 1:07 pm, Michael Gernoth <m...@gernoth.net> wrote:
>> What are the permissions on /dev/bus/usb/005/012 (or the current
>> location of the cable)? This error might show there is a permission
>> problem. You did add the MODE-line to an udev rules-file?
> The permissions on /dev/bus/usb/005/016 is:
>
> crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 189, 527 2007-11-12 21:45 016

That is ok.

> from the dmesg output you can see that the cable jumps around between
> different buses:
>
> [14746.456000] usb 5-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and
> address 14
> [14748.984000] usb 1-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and
> address 10
> [14780.092000] usb 5-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and
> address 16
>
> Any idea why I get this behaviour?

There is probably a problem communicating at USB 2.0 with the cable and
it falls back to USB 1.1 but then gets reconnected to the 2.0 hub.
Try 'rmmod ehci_hcd' (as root) which disables the USB 2.0 part and see
if it is stable at USB 1.1. If it is, try swapping the USB A-B cable.

Regards,
  Michael

Article: 126029
Subject: Asynchronous FIFO Latency.
From: RaKa <rakesh.hemnani@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 01:46:51 -0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hi,

I recently read that asynchronous FIFOs have certain clock latency.
Can somebody please explain a bit about why is there a latency, or
delay, before the data can be read from an asynchronous FIFO? I would
also appreciate if you can point me to some reference material.

Thanks.


Article: 126030
Subject: Re: Asynchronous FIFO Latency.
From: Peter Alfke <alfke@sbcglobal.net>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 19:09:04 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Nov 12, 5:46 pm, RaKa <rakesh.hemn...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I recently read that asynchronous FIFOs have certain clock latency.
> Can somebody please explain a bit about why is there a latency, or
> delay, before the data can be read from an asynchronous FIFO? I would
> also appreciate if you can point me to some reference material.
>
> Thanks.

Latency in asynchronous FIFOs relates to the Empty and Full flags, and
really to their trailing edges.
Take the Empty flag:
It is obviously started by a Read operation, but is terminated by a
Write operation.
It is of interest only to the Read operation. That means the trailing
edge of Empty is generated by one clock, but must be interpreted by
the other. That means it has to be re-synchronized, and that takes
time. Especially if the careful designer worries about metastability.
So the latency you mention is for the trailing edge of the Empty flag
(and the Full flag).

Outside Full and Empty, there is no reason for any latency, since (or
should I say if) the FIFO is being implemented in a dual-ported RAM,
using two independent address counters.
You may want to read the FIFO section of the Xilinx Virtex-5 BlockRAM
User Guide.

Peter Alfke, Xilinx Applications


Article: 126031
Subject: bidirectional in fpga
From: fazulu deen <fazulu.vlsi@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 21:20:02 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hi ,

Is it possible to implement signal declared as bidirectional
(i.e.,inout) in FPGA.For example i have to declare bidirectional data
bus D[7:0].should i use as two separate unidirectional?

regards,
fazal


Article: 126032
Subject: implementing MAC protocols on fpga
From: dilip <dilip.manu@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:27:36 -0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
hi fnds, i am working on implementing MAC protocols on fpga...i am a
bit stuck in the way to start the process, like, how to give 2
simultaneous inputs to an fpga? and how to detect if collision has
occured or not?
so, if anyone can help pls post a reply...


Article: 126033
Subject: Re: bidirectional in fpga
From: mh <moazzamhussain@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:28:50 -0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Nov 13, 10:20 am, fazulu deen <fazulu.v...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi ,
>
> Is it possible to implement signal declared as bidirectional
> (i.e.,inout) in FPGA.For example i have to declare bidirectional data
> bus D[7:0].should i use as two separate unidirectional?
>
> regards,
> fazal


Fazal,
Are you a student or what ?
There must be some one around you to reply to your queries. And keep
one thing in mind: always study some text book before posting a
question.

I cannot understand why some one is willing to make himself a "Butt of
ridicule" in each and every of his post.


/Eldon


Article: 126034
Subject: Re: bidirectional in fpga
From: Matthew Hicks <mdhicks2@uiuc.edu>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:37:30 +0000 (UTC)
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
It is possible.  In sub-modules, I prefer to use seperate input and output 
signals.  At the top level, I use the language's bidirectional signal type 
and drive it with a value when output is enabled and with z's when the output 
isn't.  The bidirectional port always drives the input set of signals.  Synthesis 
tools will implement this however is best for your partcular device.


---Matthew Hicks


> Hi ,
> 
> Is it possible to implement signal declared as bidirectional
> (i.e.,inout) in FPGA.For example i have to declare bidirectional data
> bus D[7:0].should i use as two separate unidirectional?
> 
> regards,
> fazal



Article: 126035
Subject: Re: bidirectional in fpga
From: fazulu deen <fazulu.vlsi@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Nov 2007 22:02:55 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Nov 13, 10:37 am, Matthew Hicks <mdhic...@uiuc.edu> wrote:
> It is possible.  In sub-modules, I prefer to use seperate input and output
> signals.  At the top level, I use the language's bidirectional signal type
> and drive it with a value when output is enabled and with z's when the output
> isn't.  The bidirectional port always drives the input set of signals.  Synthesis
> tools will implement this however is best for your partcular device.
>
> ---Matthew Hicks
>
> > Hi ,
>
> > Is it possible to implement signal declared as bidirectional
> > (i.e.,inout) in FPGA.For example i have to declare bidirectional data
> > bus D[7:0].should i use as two separate unidirectional?
>
> > regards,
> > fazal

Thanks for your suggestions..


Article: 126036
Subject: Re: Spartan3E Slave Serial Daisy chain
From: Andrew Greensted <ajg112@ohm.york.ac.uk>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 09:35:39 +0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Andrew Greensted wrote:
> Q3: As for bit ordering, I'm pretty sure this is correct:
> I'm reading the generated binary file (array.bin) 1 byte at a time and 
> shifting the MSB first. I'm also shifting some dummy data (DIN='1') 
> after the bitstream.

Well, I was sure I had the bit ordering right, but it would seem not!!!
Shifting in the LSB first, on a byte-by-byte basis made is work.

So just in case any one else has the same problem in the future:

I've got 3 Spartan3E XC3S500E in slave serial mode daisy-chained together.
I'm using an Atmel AVR (ATMega644) running at 3.3V with a 10MHz clock. 
(The bit file is held on an SDCard)

The slave serial controls are connected to the AVR.

DOUT (from fpga 3) is input to the AVR
DIN (to fpga 1) is output from the AVR
DONE is input to the AVR
CCLK is output from the AVR
INIT_B is input to the AVR
PROG_B is output from the AVR

For the Spartan3E, all signals apart from the PROG_B are 3.3V tolerant, 
so these can be connected directly to the AVR.

DONE is 2.5V high, but the AVR should read this as a '1' (Just with a 
lower noise threshold)

PROG_B needs to be 2.5V high, so it needs some kind of level 
translation, I used a SN74LVC1G07DCK (Farnell 128-7544). It's an open 
drain driver. use this with a 4.7k

All FPGA DONE signals are common (with a 330R pull-up)
All PROG_B signals are common (with a 4.7k pull-up)
All INIT_B signals are common (with a 4.7k pull-up)

A binary file is created using the following command:
promgen -w -p bin -u 0 device1.bit device2.bit device3.bit -o array.bin

It is loaded like this:

for each byte in the bin file

   // Get byte
   byte = next byte from bin file;

   // Iterate through each bit
   for each bit 0 to 7

     // If bit=1 set DATA high (Keep PROG_B high during config)
     if (byte & 0x01) data = PROG_B | DATA_AVR2FPGA;
     else data = PROG_B;

     // output data
     output data;

     // set CCLK high
     data = data | CCLK;

     // output data and CCLK
     output data;

     byte >>= 1;

   end for

end for

Hope all that helps someone
Andy

Article: 126037
Subject: Re: Students: where to go for help
From: Philip Potter <pgp@see.sig.invalid>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 09:57:04 +0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
austin wrote:
> Philip,
> 
> Yes, this was in part a reply to you, but I had marked the thread
> "ignore" as I had already made a note to contact the support group, and
> find out what we were doing.
 >
> C.A.F. is a good place to ask if others have the same problem: yes.
> And, unlike a webcase, Peter and I do read all of the postings (even if
> we do not choose to reply).

I'm sure I'm not the only one who appreciates this! You and Peter are a 
valuable presence here.

> In the past, we did not have a specific link for questions that
> professors used, but as of last week, now we do.  So, for your
> professor, it should be easier to enter a XUP webcase now.

Thanks, I'll discuss it with him.

> The only rumor I have heard is that now that we have software releases
> on DVDs, they are more susceptible to scratching and damage if left
> without their covers, and may be ruined much more easily than a CD would
> be.  So, if those DVDs were left out, and got tossed about, they may
> well be scratched, and won't work.

It was straight out of the box and into the computer, but it may have 
been damaged in transit.

-- 
Philip Potter pgp <at> doc.ic.ac.uk

Article: 126038
Subject: Structured way of changing eg time constants for real world build / simulation?
From: "Nial Stewart" <nial*REMOVE_THIS*@nialstewartdevelopments.co.uk>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 10:12:02 -0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Frequently when doing simulation of a design I'll change time
constants so I can run the simulation in a reasonable timescale.

I like to keep things simple so to date this has mostly involved
commenting out the 'proper' value with a -- XXXX comment at the end
of the line. When I want to do a real workd build a search for
-- XXXX throughout the design should allow me to quickly find the
values that need changed and comment them back to their correct
values.

Except I keep forgetting. Over the years this has caused hours of
lost work until I have realised what I've done.

I've thought of including a generic in all my modules by default to
indicate whether simulation or real world build is being done, this
could be propogated down from the top of a design to select which
values are being used. Another solution would be a script to search the
source directory commenting out --XXXX lines and uncommenting -- YYYY
lines (for example).

But why re-invent the wheel....

Does anyone have a clever (simple) structured way of ensuring that
temporary simulation values aren't included when doing real world builds?


Thanks for any pointers,


Nial. 



Article: 126039
Subject: Re: Structured way of changing eg time constants for real world build / simulation?
From: hal-usenet@ip-64-139-1-69.sjc.megapath.net (Hal Murray)
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 04:26:16 -0600
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>

>Does anyone have a clever (simple) structured way of ensuring that
>temporary simulation values aren't included when doing real world builds?

This isn't a real solution, but sometimes hacks are good enough.

  grep -r XXXX .

That will find them all.  As long as there aren't many you can check
them by eye.

-- 
These are my opinions, not necessarily my employer's.  I hate spam.


Article: 126040
Subject: Re: Structured way of changing eg time constants for real world build / simulation?
From: "Nial Stewart" <nial*REMOVE_THIS*@nialstewartdevelopments.co.uk>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 10:35:29 -0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
>>Does anyone have a clever (simple) structured way of ensuring that
>>temporary simulation values aren't included when doing real world builds?
>
> This isn't a real solution, but sometimes hacks are good enough.
>
>  grep -r XXXX .
>
> That will find them all.  As long as there aren't many you can check
> them by eye.


Aye Hal, I have windows Grep on my PC so can create a tool in Textpad to
do this and capture the results fairly easily.

The problem is that I keep forgetting to check.

:-(




Nial. 



Article: 126041
Subject: Re: bidirectional in fpga
From: MikeShepherd564@btinternet.com
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 11:01:02 +0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
>Are you a student or what ?
>There must be some one around you to reply to your queries. And keep
>one thing in mind: always study some text book before posting a
>question.
>
>I cannot understand why some one is willing to make himself a "Butt of
>ridicule" in each and every of his post.

Since you seem to be arguing against newsgroups, why are you here?

You say that "There must be some one around you to reply to your
queries".  Well, maybe (like me) he works alone.  Do you seriously
imagine that the whole world is like the small one that you live in?
Ask some of the sales engineers here.  You might be surprised to find
that not everyone who works with FPGAs is a student or works in a
large company, surrounded by willing mentors and a library of relevant
books.

On that subject, which "some text book" do you suggest that he
consult?  My own experience is that most of the good-quality material
in this field is provided by manufacturers.  These answer many, but
not all of the questions which you seem to feel have an obvious
answer.

As an FPGA novice, I found a similar difficulty with the question
which he asks.  The solution is straightforward, but wasn't made
explicit in the manuals which I read.  I thought it out for myself,
but I don't think I'd be "a butt of ridicule" if I asked others about
it, especially if I showed that I'd given it some thought.  We all
have holes in our knowledge.  The contributors here who make me
snigger are not those asking relevant questions.  They are those still
working like we did 30 years ago, in the easy environment of a big
company and not having noticed that the rest of the world has moved
on.

Article: 126042
Subject: Re: bidirectional in fpga
From: "commone" <dechenxu@yahoo.com.cn>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:21:37 -0600
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
>> > Hi ,
>>
>> > Is it possible to implement signal declared as bidirectional
>> > (i.e.,inout) in FPGA.For example i have to declare bidirectional
data
>> > bus D[7:0].should i use as two separate unidirectional?
>>
>> > regards,
>> > fazal
>
>Thanks for your suggestions..
>
>

Here I give you an advice. Read the related FPGA datasheets then you will
know what there are in a FPGA. It is the  resources in a FPGA determine
what function  a FPGA can implement.

Best regards

Leon,

Article: 126043
Subject: how to make ports visible?
From: xenix <lastval@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:41:23 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Hello all,

I am trying to make the  PORT B of a BRAM visible in EDK ver.6.2i .
The only ports can make visible from PORT B is  only the CLK.

have you any idea how to do the rest ports of BRAM PORT B visible?

regards


Article: 126044
Subject: Re: Structured way of changing eg time constants for real world build / simulation?
From: Brian Drummond <brian_drummond@btconnect.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 13:46:41 +0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Tue, 13 Nov 2007 10:12:02 -0000, "Nial Stewart"
<nial*REMOVE_THIS*@nialstewartdevelopments.co.uk> wrote:

>Frequently when doing simulation of a design I'll change time
>constants so I can run the simulation in a reasonable timescale.

>But why re-invent the wheel....
>
>Does anyone have a clever (simple) structured way of ensuring that
>temporary simulation values aren't included when doing real world builds?

constant ddr_reset_time : integer := 200 us / clk_period;  -- cycles
constant sim_reset_time : integer := 2 us / clk_period;  -- cycles

function reset_time return integer is
variable temp:integer := ddr_reset_time;
begin
-- pragma synthesis off
    temp := sim_reset_time;
-- pragma synthesis on
    return temp
end;

...

reset_counter <= reset_time;


- Brian


Article: 126045
Subject: Re: EDK 9.2 install problem
From: Philip Potter <pgp@see.sig.invalid>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 14:31:24 +0000
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Philip Potter wrote:
> Hi there,
> 
> We just received EDK 9.2 but there seems to be an error in the install. 
> I tried to install it and got the error message "F:\idata\drop28.zip.xz 
> error in zipfile". The installer continued after this message, with the 
> percentage progress bar continuing to rise, but at some point afterwards 
> the windows closes and leaves me with a half-installed EDK install.
> 
> I took a screenshot of the error message here:
> http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~pgp/edk9.2error.png

I got to the bottom of this in the end. I took the DVD out of the drive 
and it had more scratches on it than was healthy. The ISE disk that came 
with EDK also had plenty of scracthes, and we'd never taken it out of 
the case! I wonder what could have caused them?

-- 
Philip Potter pgp <at> doc.ic.ac.uk

Article: 126046
Subject: Re: EDK 9.2 install problem
From: Andreas Hofmann <ahnews@gmx.net>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 16:03:26 +0100
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Philip Potter schrieb:
> I got to the bottom of this in the end. I took the DVD out of the drive
> and it had more scratches on it than was healthy. The ISE disk that came
> with EDK also had plenty of scracthes, and we'd never taken it out of
> the case! I wonder what could have caused them?

The same is true for the EDK9.1 disk that I received about two weeks
ago, though mine is readable.

Regards,
Andreas

Article: 126047
Subject: Re: implementing MAC protocols on fpga
From: Stef <stef33d@yahooI-N-V-A-L-I-D.com.invalid>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 16:18:14 +0100
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
In comp.arch.fpga,
dilip <dilip.manu@gmail.com> wrote:
> hi fnds, i am working on implementing MAC protocols on fpga...i am a
> bit stuck in the way to start the process, like, how to give 2
> simultaneous inputs to an fpga? and how to detect if collision has
> occured or not?
> so, if anyone can help pls post a reply...

Are you talking about Ethernet?

If so, you need an analog frontend to interface with the cable, you can
not directly connect the cable to the FPGA. Easiest (and only?) option is
to use an Ethernet PHY. The PHY handles the analog stuff, speed
negotiation, collisions  and other stuff. Connect it (or multiple) to
your FPGA using the MII (or RMI) interface. Read the PHY datasheet and
google for other ethernet information sources.

-- 
Stef    (remove caps, dashes and .invalid from e-mail address to reply by mail)


Article: 126048
Subject: Re: Structured way of changing eg time constants for real world build / simulation?
From: Andy <jonesandy@comcast.net>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 07:34:55 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Nov 13, 7:46 am, Brian Drummond <brian_drumm...@btconnect.com>
wrote:
> On Tue, 13 Nov 2007 10:12:02 -0000, "Nial Stewart"
>
> <nial*REMOVE_TH...@nialstewartdevelopments.co.uk> wrote:
> >Frequently when doing simulation of a design I'll change time
> >constants so I can run the simulation in a reasonable timescale.
> >But why re-invent the wheel....
>
> >Does anyone have a clever (simple) structured way of ensuring that
> >temporary simulation values aren't included when doing real world builds?
>
> constant ddr_reset_time : integer := 200 us / clk_period;  -- cycles
> constant sim_reset_time : integer := 2 us / clk_period;  -- cycles
>
> function reset_time return integer is
> variable temp:integer := ddr_reset_time;
> begin
> -- pragma synthesis off
>     temp := sim_reset_time;
> -- pragma synthesis on
>     return temp
> end;
>
> ...
>
> reset_counter <= reset_time;
>
> - Brian

Nice trick Brian; I'll have to remember that...

I would use a generic, passed up to the top level, with a default
value defined for synthesis. Then when you instantiate the top level
module in your testbench for simulation, override the default value
with a generic map. This can be done for one or a whole group of
generics. If you use a group of generics, you can define them as
elements of a record type in a package, and every entity takes that
generic record. That way when you want to add a generic for some lower
level entity, you just have to add it's element to the record
definition, then set it at the top (default and testbench), and use it
at the leaf level where needed. The record definition acts like a
conduit through which you can pass anything you want.

Andy


Article: 126049
Subject: Re: bidirectional in fpga
From: Andy <jonesandy@comcast.net>
Date: Tue, 13 Nov 2007 07:46:25 -0800
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
On Nov 13, 5:21 am, "commone" <deche...@yahoo.com.cn> wrote:
> >> > Hi ,
>
> >> > Is it possible to implement signal declared as bidirectional
> >> > (i.e.,inout) in FPGA.For example i have to declare bidirectional
> data
> >> > bus D[7:0].should i use as two separate unidirectional?
>
> >> > regards,
> >> > fazal
>
> >Thanks for your suggestions..
>
> Here I give you an advice. Read the related FPGA datasheets then you will
> know what there are in a FPGA. It is the  resources in a FPGA determine
> what function  a FPGA can implement.
>
> Best regards
>
> Leon,

Not exactly...

You can code a bidirectional tri-state bus for most synthesis tools,
and when targeting devices without that capability, they will convert
it to multiplexers.

That said, unidirectional tri-state bus descriptions have some
particular advantages when dealing with mutual exclusiveness of the
select lines. Synthesis assumes that tri-state enables on a bus are
mutually exclusive, whereas coding a non-priority multiplexer with
separate enable bits is sometimes difficult. But bidirectional
internal signals are almost always better when implemented as separate
unidirectional buses, tri-state or not.

Andy




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