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Messages from 60050

Article: 60050
Subject: Re: More about metastability
From: "Alvin Andries" <Alvin_Andries@nowhere.agilent.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Sep 2003 13:28:45 +0200
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>

"Luiz Carlos" <oen_br@yahoo.com.br> wrote in message
news:8471ba54.0309040255.3d79ed94@posting.google.com...
> Metastability occurs when we don't respect setup and/or hold times.
> But what does happen when the input for the flip-flop is a DC signal
> between Vil and Vih? (Or it changes so slowly that looks like a
> constant.)
>
> My guess is there is a voltage, let's say Vth, that:
> If Vin < Vth => DOUT = 0 after a delay
> If Vin > Vth => DOUT = 1 after a delay
> The delay grows as Vin approximates to Vth.
>
> Am I right?
>
> Luiz Carlos

Hi Luiz,

You're right.

Things could even be worse: in cmos technology, applying a voltage around Vt
at an input consisting of 2 complementary transistors will cause both fets
to conduct, resulting in local excessive power dissipation. Depending on the
exact design of the input, this may even lead to permanent damage. Assuming
that you're using a modern fpga, this is most likely solved by the
manufacturer by using an input with hysteresis. As a counter example: I've
seen diagrams where a 4000 (or 74HC00) is used as voltage controlled sine
oscillator.

Regards,
Alvin.



Article: 60051
Subject: question about configue apex20k with ppa scheme
From: anfm@ele.pku.edu.cn (pkuanfm)
Date: 4 Sep 2003 05:08:28 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
we configue apex20k with ppa scheme,the  signal nSTATUS came to low
when we have sent about 300bytes data,how this phenomena come out? the
problem of software or hardware?

Article: 60052
Subject: Re: MICROBLAZE: user core problem
From: Aurelian Lazarut <aurash@xilinx.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 14:54:51 +0100
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>


arkaitz wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I'm trying to connect a user peripheral to the Microblaze OPB bus. I
> have done all as mentioned in the "User Core Template for OPB (Slave
> Services Package 0) but without success.
>
> I have added some code lines in the correponding places to match the
> IPIF to my user_core.
>
> I have routed the Bus2IP_CS, Bus2IP_WrCE and Bus2IP_RdCE to some user
> leds in my development board and I haven't noticed any effect, so I
> imagine that I'm not accesing to my peripheral.

If you are attaching LEDs on these signals you will not see anything
(maybe with an osilloscope) these signals are active only for an OPB bus
transaction which will match your C_BASEADDRESS, depending on your OPB_Ack
latency (transaction acknoledge) this  will keep from 2 to 16 OPB_Clk
periods so you need a very good eye to see a ~1 us blink. (assuming 100Mhz
OPB_Clk)

Aurash

>
>
> I have also checked the BASEADDR and the HIGHADDR and I think they're
> correct.
>
> Here you are part of my MPD file
>
> PARAMETER c_baseaddr     = 0xFFFFFFFF, DT = std_logic_vector, MIN_SIZE
> = 0xFF
> PARAMETER c_highaddr     = 0x00000000, DT = std_logic_vector
> PARAMETER c_mir_baseaddr = 0xFFFFFFFF, DT = std_logic_vector, MIN_SIZE
> = 0xFF
> PARAMETER c_mir_highaddr = 0x00000000, DT = std_logic_vector
> PARAMETER c_user_id_code = 3,          DT = integer
> PARAMETER c_include_mir  = 0,          DT = integer
> PARAMETER c_opb_awidth   = 32,         DT = integer
> PARAMETER c_opb_dwidth   = 32,         DT = integer
> PARAMETER c_family       = virtex2,    DT = string
>
> Note that I actualize "c_baseaddr" and "c_highaddr" parameters on the
> component as well as the "c_mir_baseaddr" and "c_mir_highaddr".
>
> I'd be very grateful if someone could help me.
>
> Thanks.
>
> Arkaitz.

--
 __
/ /\/\ Aurelian Lazarut
\ \  / System Verification Engineer
/ /  \ Xilinx Ireland
\_\/\/

phone: 353 01 4032639
fax: 353 01 4640324



Article: 60053
Subject: Re: Input comparator
From: Austin Lesea <Austin.Lesea@xilinx.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 07:41:43 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Luiz,

We have done this, and it works.  The question is how well?  The answer is that we have never
actually used this in a system where other things are going on as well, and then measured the S/N
of the ADC, resolution, THD, etc.  Let us know how it turns out.  Better than using Vref and the
input would be to use an LVDS input buffer (as was already pointed out) differentially.  You will
only get a good 1V to 1.5V span (where the comparator works the fastest and best), but the
differential input leads to less noise.

Austin

Luiz Carlos wrote:

> Austin Lesea <Austin.Lesea@xilinx.com> wrote in message news:<3F55FE76.532A72CE@xilinx.com>...
> > Luiz,
> >
> > Last things first, the LVTTL input does not use the comparator(s) (there are
> > three different comparators, as well as other ciruits for the various input
> > standards).
> >
> > The comparator is designed to have a relatively high gain, so that it
> > switches quickly.
> >
> > As I said, the offset voltage is due to the Vt mismatch on the pmos and nmos
> > diff pairs, and since these are built with .35u (VII) or .25u (VII Pro)
> > transistors, they are pretty darn fast diff-amps.  There is a classic gain
> > stage after the cmos diff-amp (similar to the ones in "CMOS Circuit Design,
> > Layout & Simulation" by Baker, Li, and Boyce).  The offset voltage is
> > typically less than a few 10's of mV (say 10 to 20 mV worst case).  I am sure
> > that if you vary the voltage difference slowly enough, you could measure the
> > gain of the diff-amp.  It was designed for HSTL and SSTL IO standards, which
> > as someone already pointed out, are pretty sloppy.  What I will point out
> > here, is that I am not aware of any monolithic separate comparator that is as
> > fast as the one that is in the input circuit.  This comparator is good for
> > 400 Mbs+ speeds, which is a lot faster than most separate IC comparators....
> >
> > Austin
>
> Thankyou Austin.
>
> I'm thinking of using this internal comparator for a Delta-Sigma ADC.
>
> Luiz Carlos.


Article: 60054
Subject: Re: Clock Recovery from 8B10B encoded Data Stream
From: Austin Lesea <Austin.Lesea@xilinx.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 07:48:24 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Thomas,

The DLL can not be used to extract clock, as the output is just the
input, delayed.

In Spartan 3 there are "hidden" modes in the DCM that allow us to
experiment with things like CDR, so you will have to wait until we have
fully characterized the capabilities, and decided if they work well
enough to market and support.

The exciting thing about the DCM and all of its capabilities is that we
can see our way to an all digital DSP implementation of a PLL -- without
any of the negatives of a PLL.  Including jitter attenuation (something
not done in today's DCM).

If you are interested in using the S3 unsupported modes, you would have
to work through your factory or disti FAE with us.

Another option is to oversample the 100Mbs with the MGTs in Virtex II
Pro.

And finally, there are other designs using logic alone to recover the
datastream of such a low bit rate stream in any of the Virtex family
FPGAs (Xapp250, Xapp224).

Austin

Thomas wrote:

> Hello,
> has anyone already used a Spartan IIe DLL (PLL) to extract the clock
> out of a 100MBit/s 8B10B encoded data stream ?
>
> Will that work with a Spartan III DCM?
>
> Thank you,
> Thomas


Article: 60055
Subject: Re: More about metastability
From: Austin Lesea <Austin.Lesea@xilinx.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 07:53:27 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Alvin,

One common mis-conception is that you can "hurt" or damage the FPGA by having
the input voltage float at exactly the wrong point.

Un-true:  the IOBs are designed with sufficient metal and device contacts to
remain in contention forever without damage.  The ~500 uA of contention is
hardly noticeable in the overall scheme of things.

So, don't let inputs float (bad practice) but don't stress about it, as no
damage will result in our FPGA input structures.

If you think about it, how can we offer LVDS, HSTL, SSTL, GTL, LVCMOS all on the
same pin without taking this into account?

Austin

Alvin Andries wrote:

> "Luiz Carlos" <oen_br@yahoo.com.br> wrote in message
> news:8471ba54.0309040255.3d79ed94@posting.google.com...
> > Metastability occurs when we don't respect setup and/or hold times.
> > But what does happen when the input for the flip-flop is a DC signal
> > between Vil and Vih? (Or it changes so slowly that looks like a
> > constant.)
> >
> > My guess is there is a voltage, let's say Vth, that:
> > If Vin < Vth => DOUT = 0 after a delay
> > If Vin > Vth => DOUT = 1 after a delay
> > The delay grows as Vin approximates to Vth.
> >
> > Am I right?
> >
> > Luiz Carlos
>
> Hi Luiz,
>
> You're right.
>
> Things could even be worse: in cmos technology, applying a voltage around Vt
> at an input consisting of 2 complementary transistors will cause both fets
> to conduct, resulting in local excessive power dissipation. Depending on the
> exact design of the input, this may even lead to permanent damage. Assuming
> that you're using a modern fpga, this is most likely solved by the
> manufacturer by using an input with hysteresis. As a counter example: I've
> seen diagrams where a 4000 (or 74HC00) is used as voltage controlled sine
> oscillator.
>
> Regards,
> Alvin.


Article: 60056
Subject: Re: Memory
From: "Steven K. Knapp" <steve.knappNO#SPAM@xilinx.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 16:31:53 GMT
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Besides the serial configuration PROMs listed at ...
http://www.xilinx.com/isp/compfpgatables/prom_spartan.htm,

also take a look at the new Xilinx PlatformFlash, which is in-system
programmable via JTAG
http://www.xilinx.com/platformflash

Alternatively, you can use a merchant-market byte-wide Flash devices and a
small CPLD, as described in the following application note.
http://www.xilinx.com/xapp/xapp079.pdf

---------------------------------
Steven K. Knapp
Sr. Applications Manager, Xilinx Inc.
General Products Division
Spartan-3/II/IIE FPGAs
http://www.xilinx.com/spartan3
---------------------------------
Spartan-3:  Make it Your ASIC

<ram> wrote in message news:ee7f986.-1@WebX.sUN8CHnE...
> Hi,
> Can anyone recommmend some NVRAM or parallel EEPROM to interface with
Spartan2 device.
>



Article: 60057
Subject: Re: pricing, cyclone or spartan
From: "Steven K. Knapp" <steve.knappNO#SPAM@xilinx.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 16:31:57 GMT
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>

"Antti Lukats" <antti@case2000.com> wrote in message
news:80a3aea5.0308282129.5f483d78@posting.google.com...
<...snip...>
> I guess the smallest spartan III and cyclone devices should also come down
> below 10$ but then S3-50 does not have BRAM and both Spartan and Cyclone
> do require config memory to be present what may add significant amount to
> the final price (both money as board estate, etc)
>
> antti

The Xilinx Spartan-3 XC3S50, in its production form, has four 18Kbit block
RAMs (BRAM), four 18x18 hardware multipliers, and two digital clock
managers.  For the correct specifications, see
http://www.xilinx.com/bvdocs/publications/ds099-1.pdf.

In volume, the XC3S50, the XC3S200, and the XC3S400 are all less than $10 in
the smallest packages.

To reduce the overall "solution cost", Spartan-3 FPGAs optionally use Xilinx
PlatformFlash, which does NOT add a significant amount to the final price.
See http://www.xilinx.com/platformflash.  Alternatively, configuration data
can be stored in just about any non-volatile memory available elsewhere in
the system, such as ...

  * Same Flash that holds the boot code or application code for a processor
or microcontroller,
  * Downloaded from hard disk.
---------------------------------
Steven K. Knapp
Sr. Applications Manager, Xilinx Inc.
General Products Division
Spartan-3/II/IIE FPGAs
http://www.xilinx.com/spartan3
---------------------------------
Spartan-3:  Make it Your ASIC





Article: 60058
Subject: Re: FPGA/DSP Expert - business partner for innovative FFT
From: soar2morrow@yahoo.com (Tom Seim)
Date: 4 Sep 2003 09:53:02 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
> I have seen very few references in the literature to the sliding FFT; if anyone is interested I can send the copy
> of an IEEE paper about it.

What is the IEEE reference (i.e. journal, date & title)?

Tom

Article: 60059
Subject: Re: Moving Sum
From: soar2morrow@yahoo.com (Tom Seim)
Date: 4 Sep 2003 10:03:45 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
"Christos" <chris_saturnNOSPAM@hotmail.com> wrote in message news:<bj4sbg$pki$1@sunnews.cern.ch>...
> "Tom Seim" <soar2morrow@yahoo.com> wrote in message
> news:6c71b322.0309021211.522fed48@posting.google.com...
> > > The processes that will go up to 100s will take an average of 8 values
>  and
> > > store that value to the external memory. In that way the data are
>  minimised
> > > by a factor of 8 and the system error is negligible.
> > > The SRAM that was found can be used in the architecture of 1M x 72bit,
>  so 8
> > > accesses in parallel times two in 40 us seems to be more than ok
> > > One problem now is how to implement this! my experience do go that far!
> > > You've said something about instantiating a processor (I guess something
> > > like NIOS), are you sure that this will not complicate things more?
> > > Is there something ready to implement a circular buffer to the external
>  ram?
> > >
> > > The second problem, and the reason why I asked for help in this group,
>  is
> > > that those SRAMS are quite expensive and having in mind that 2000 of
>  them
> > > will be needed, it increases the cost significantly. So they are
>  pressing me
> > > to find some other way to implement it. (usual stuff: we want the pie
>  and
> > > the dog fed!)
> >
> > I don't understand why you need 2000 SRAMs.
> >
> > 25 KHz x 16 x 100 = 40 MB
> >
> > or 8 SRAMs.
> 
> In the first paragraph I explain that saving the average values of 8 samples
> the data are minimised by a factor of 8. So 5 MB have to be stored for this
> system (up to 100s) which fit together with the data of the first system (up
> to 10ms) in one SRAM. On the card there are 2 more to hold other data. And
> 650 of these cards are needed, that gives ~2000 SRAMs.
> 

I guess that you have a lot more channels than I realized.

I recommend going to a mass storage device that can hold this amount
of data, such as multiple disk drives. Your data rates are relatively
slow, giving you the option of streaming interleaved data (don't store
a single channel in one place on the disk). You can also look into
large DRAMs. Another option is flash memory, but you might wear these
devices out.

Tom

Article: 60060
Subject: How to contact the writer of Xilinx FPGA application notes?
From: mizhael@yahoo.com (walala)
Date: 4 Sep 2003 10:21:24 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Dear all,

I think I read the application notes from Xilinx FPGA( I downloaded
from their website), and I found a mistake(or maybe I have some
problems myself), how I can contact the writer of Xilinx application
author? ... I searched many options from their website and could not
find one... which support team I should contact?

Any insider please give me some contacts? 

Thank you very much,

-Walala

Article: 60061
Subject: Re: Moving Sum
From: "Theron Hicks" <hicksthe@egr.msu.edu>
Date: Thu, 4 Sep 2003 13:23:43 -0400
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Christos,
    I have read all the previous responses and I have one suggestion.  Could
you use a DRAM based memory?  For your first pass generate a running sum of
your 250,000 samples.  Then add the new value and subtract the old value.
That way you need not do the whole sum for each sample.  Use a simple micro
to control the system.  It could be as simple as a pico-blaze.  You could
even control it with a simple state machine.  You really do not need
anything as fast as a SRAM.  You can refresh the DRAM between the sample
periods.

Theron Hicks

"Christos" <chris_saturnNOSPAM@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:bil9f7$4o2$1@sunnews.cern.ch...
> Hi to all,
>
>
>
> The sum or average of a certain number of samples (for ex. the last 100
> values received) have to be checked constantly against a threshold.
>
>
>
> I thought of implementing this by keeping a "Moving Sum" which will work
by
> adding the new value and subtracting the oldest. I think that can be
> implemented by adding to a register the value just arriving and
subtracting
> the value coming out of an 100 word deep shift register.
>
>
>
> Now, if a longer sum has to be checked then there is a memory problem
> because a lot of values have to be stored. In addition more than one
"Moving
> Sums" is needed so if I use the above implementation I will have in
addition
> to store the same data more than once (for ex. the 1000 word Shift
Register
> will include the 100 word S.R. data).
>
>
>
> Any idea of how this could be implemented?
>
>
>
> The final system will have to keep 10 moving sums with the largest being
> 250,000 (8-bit) values for each of the 16 independent input channels.
>
>
>
> Help to the design problem will be appreciated and acknowledged.
>
>
> Christos
>
> __________________________________________________
>
> Christos Zamantzas
> CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research
> Div. AB/BDI/BL                         tel: +41 22 767 3409
> CH-1211 Geneva 23                  fax: +41 22 767 9560
> Switzerland                                 christos.zamantzas@cern.ch
> __________________________________________________
>
>



Article: 60062
Subject: Re: EDK problem!
From: sathyatm@yahoo.com (Sathya Thammanur)
Date: 4 Sep 2003 10:34:35 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
antti@case2000.com (Antti Lukats) wrote in message news:<80a3aea5.0309030231.1a98e839@posting.google.com>...
> > Thanx for the reply. My question is more likely: Where, in what menu do you
> > set an external input to be an interrupt source??? Where do you declare the
> > name of the interrupt function??? With a timer you can do that by
> > right-clicking the timer and chose a name for the "timer interrupt handler
> > function".
> 
> uups, I didnt think 
> "I usually don't (think), and my wife says its total disaster when I do"
> ;)
> 
> I am afraid to get the int line out you need to define a real dummy
> peripheral that simple routes the pin to interrupt controller.
> then add this peripheral component, place the ports and connect.
> in the vhdl of the component you only have one wire-connection
> 
> I should think sometimes sorry, you are right if there is no component
> driving interrupt you can not assign int handler either
> 
> antti

Hi,
To set an external interrupt to be an interrupt source, there is no
mechanism available in the GUI currently. But, you could add the
following line to the MSS file after the version is declared :

PARAMETER VERSION = 2.0.0
PARAMETER HW_SPEC_FILE = system.mhs
PARAMETER INT_HANDLER = myint_handler, INT_PORT = myint_pin

This will configure microblaze to call "myint_handler" whenever the
external interrupt "myint_pin" interrupts microblaze. Also, this is
assuming that "myint_pin" is directly connected to the interrupt port
of microblaze without an interrupt controller.

Hope this helps
Sathya

Article: 60063
Subject: Re: How to contact the writer of Xilinx FPGA application notes?
From: Austin Lesea <Austin.Lesea@xilinx.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 10:44:28 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Walala,

You may email it directly to Peter Alfke, or myself.

Austin

(au  s ti n ( a t ) x i l  i nx.c o m)  (to fool  the spam scanners?
just remove spaces and replace at with the obvious)

walala wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> I think I read the application notes from Xilinx FPGA( I downloaded
> from their website), and I found a mistake(or maybe I have some
> problems myself), how I can contact the writer of Xilinx application
> author? ... I searched many options from their website and could not
> find one... which support team I should contact?
>
> Any insider please give me some contacts?
>
> Thank you very much,
>
> -Walala


Article: 60064
Subject: Re: More EDK Problems..... :-(
From: sathyatm@yahoo.com (Sathya Thammanur)
Date: 4 Sep 2003 10:48:33 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
"Rgr" <find@ham.dk> wrote in message news:<bj6ubr$f7$1@news.net.uni-c.dk>...
> When I add an interrupt controller to my design I get the following error
> when I try to generate libraries:
> What does this error mean???
> 
> 
> opb_intc (opb_intc_0) -
> C:\EDK\hw\iplib\pcores\opb_intc_v1_00_c\data\opb_intc_v2_0_0.mpd:30 -
> overriding
> C_KIND_OF_EDGE value 11111111111111111111111111111111 to
> 00000000000000000000000000000000
> opb_intc (opb_intc_0) -
> C:\EDK\hw\iplib\pcores\opb_intc_v1_00_c\data\opb_intc_v2_0_0.mpd:31 -
> overriding
> C_KIND_OF_LVL value 11111111111111111111111111111111 to
> 00000000000000000000000000000001
> lmb_v10 (lmb_v10_0) -
> C:\EDK\hw\iplib\pcores\lmb_v10_v1_00_a\data\lmb_v10_v2_0_0.mpd:21 -
> overriding
> C_LMB_NUM_SLAVES value 4 to 1
> lmb_v10 (lmb_v10_1) -
> C:\EDK\hw\iplib\pcores\lmb_v10_v1_00_a\data\lmb_v10_v2_0_0.mpd:21 -
> overriding
> C_LMB_NUM_SLAVES value 4 to 1
> opb_v20 (opb_v20_0) -
> C:\EDK\hw\iplib\pcores\opb_v20_v1_10_a\data\opb_v20_v2_0_0.mpd:35 -
> overriding
> C_NUM_MASTERS value 4 to 1
> opb_v20 (opb_v20_0) -
> C:\EDK\hw\iplib\pcores\opb_v20_v1_10_a\data\opb_v20_v2_0_0.mpd:36 -
> overriding
> C_NUM_SLAVES value 4 to 3
> 
> Checking platform address map...
> 
> Verifying Bus Interfaces ...
> 
> Checking platform configuration ...
> 
> Building Directory Structure for microblaze_0
> 
> Checking Processor Rules for microblaze_0
> 
> Generating platform libraries and device drivers ...
> 
> Copying Library Files ...
> 
> Copying BSP Files ...
> 
> Running CopyFiles ...
> 
> Running DRCs for Drivers and Libraries ...
> 
> Running generate for Drivers and Libraries ...
> ERROR:MDT - xget_value : A NULL handle was provided
> 
> 
>     while executing
>    "xget_value $source_port "NAME""
>        (procedure "generate" line 48)
>        invoked from within
>    "generate 1490864"
>    Tcl File cpu_v2_1_0.tcl
> ERROR:MDT - Error while running "generate" for processor microblaze_0...
> make: *** [microblaze_0/lib/libxil.a] Error 2
> Done.


Hi,

Looks like the connector name that you have connected to the
microblaze interrupt port is not the same as the one connected to your
intc's Irq port. All the interruptible sources are connected to the
intc's Intr port as "a & b & c" and the Irq port connector of intc is
connected to the interrupt port of microblaze.

If the above setting is right, do check if the intc is visible from
microblaze i.e, intc should be visible on the opb bus connected to
microblaze.

The above are the possible reasons for the error that you see above.

Hope this helps.
Sathya

Article: 60065
Subject: Flex6K configuration PROM
From: Jay <se10110@yahoo.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Sep 2003 12:55:37 -0500
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
I'm investigation configuration PROMs for a EPF6010A (FLEX 6K). It looks 
like the default choice is the EPC1441 which is not ISP or Flash.

Altera makes the EPC2 which is Flash/ISP but for some reason it's not 
compatible with FLEX6K. Anyone know why? Any way to get it to work with 
the EPF6010A?

I also noticed Atmel makes Altera compatible configuration PROMs that 
are EEPROM/FLASH. Specifically, the AT17LV512A-10JC (8-PDIP). 

Can anyone give me a ball park figure on the price for either Altera or 
Atmel configuration ROM? DigiKey doesn't have them in stock and the 
price for the Atmel 1MBit one they do have in stock scares me (> $45).

Today is not the best day for me to do battles with the 
distributors...so ballparking would be nice.

Any other suggestions for cheapo configuration PROMs? I think awhile 
back I saw someone mention parts from ISSI...would that work in this 
case?

I'm not tied down to a Flex6K persay, I think however it's the cheapest 
3.3V(core) FPGA Altera offers with a TQFP package. 

Thanks!
Jay.


Article: 60066
Subject: Re: New to FPGA, seeking advice
From: "Glen Herrmannsfeldt" <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 18:04:12 GMT
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>

"Mario Trams" <Mario.Trams@informatik.tu-chemnitz.de> wrote in message
news:bj70hb$3j3$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de...

(snip)

> > I see that devices are sold in terms of their gate count. How
> > efficient is a typical design? For instance, if I want to make a 16 by
> > 16 CPU controlled crosspoint how many FPGA gates will I need? I can
> > see that I need 16 OR gates each with 16 AND array inputs for the
> > output terms, 64 latches to store the selection and some more gates to
> > do the latch address decoding. Is there any easy way to choose the
> > right part?
>
> That is very difficult to answer. This issue has been discussed sometimes
> in this newsgroup already, and will probably be discussed again and again.
>
> You should never ever draw some conclusions from the gate-count
> given by the manufacturers. This is just a marketing number.
> I started with Lucent (now Lattice) ORCA FPGAs and got a feeling
> what can be put inside. Then I turned to Xilinx Virtex FPGAs (because
> of the free development software) and got rather shocked how much
> less one can put into such an FPGA with a comparable gate count.

Well, some designs fit the FPGA model better than others.   My guess is that
a crossbar switch is one that doesn't fit very well, but that is a guess.

> For instance, they include internal RAM-Blocks in the official
> gate-count number. That gives a shiny value, but is nonsense if
> you ask me.
> My guess is that the Xilinx people that are around here in this
> newsgroup think similar because they are more engineers rather than
> marketing people.
> But apart from that, the Xilinx FPGAs are not bad ones.

The traditional CMOS definition for gate count is the number of transistors
divided by four.  It takes four to make a CMOS 2 input NAND gate.  RAM
arrays are included in that count.

(snip)

> Once you got some design software, you might also try to synthesize
> your design (provided it has been finished already) and try to fit
> it into different FPGA types. There you will also see how much of
> the FPGAs' capacity would be used.

This is probably the best way.  First, the manufacturer given gate count is
a maximum, and you should expect somewhat less.   There may be a wide
variation on how much you actually get.


-- glen



Article: 60067
Subject: Re: New to FPGA, seeking advice
From: Austin Lesea <Austin.Lesea@xilinx.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 11:22:09 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
All,

I beg to differ.  We have not only a good solution, but a great solution:

http://www.xilinx.com/prs_rls/end_markets/02151crossbar.htm

The worlds first FPGA cross bar switch that uses the programmable interconnect
as....well, as a corss bar switch!  Extremely efficient (able to do 1024x1024 in
a 2V6000 at 155 Mbs each wire, non-blocking).

For a really small cross bar, one could use the ICAP with the microblaze for
control, and a bram for the patterns....and perhaps only 16 CLBs for a 16X16
non-blocking cross point switch.....

Austin

Glen Herrmannsfeldt wrote:

> "Mario Trams" <Mario.Trams@informatik.tu-chemnitz.de> wrote in message
> news:bj70hb$3j3$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de...
>
> (snip)
>
> > > I see that devices are sold in terms of their gate count. How
> > > efficient is a typical design? For instance, if I want to make a 16 by
> > > 16 CPU controlled crosspoint how many FPGA gates will I need? I can
> > > see that I need 16 OR gates each with 16 AND array inputs for the
> > > output terms, 64 latches to store the selection and some more gates to
> > > do the latch address decoding. Is there any easy way to choose the
> > > right part?
> >
> > That is very difficult to answer. This issue has been discussed sometimes
> > in this newsgroup already, and will probably be discussed again and again.
> >
> > You should never ever draw some conclusions from the gate-count
> > given by the manufacturers. This is just a marketing number.
> > I started with Lucent (now Lattice) ORCA FPGAs and got a feeling
> > what can be put inside. Then I turned to Xilinx Virtex FPGAs (because
> > of the free development software) and got rather shocked how much
> > less one can put into such an FPGA with a comparable gate count.
>
> Well, some designs fit the FPGA model better than others.   My guess is that
> a crossbar switch is one that doesn't fit very well, but that is a guess.
>
> > For instance, they include internal RAM-Blocks in the official
> > gate-count number. That gives a shiny value, but is nonsense if
> > you ask me.
> > My guess is that the Xilinx people that are around here in this
> > newsgroup think similar because they are more engineers rather than
> > marketing people.
> > But apart from that, the Xilinx FPGAs are not bad ones.
>
> The traditional CMOS definition for gate count is the number of transistors
> divided by four.  It takes four to make a CMOS 2 input NAND gate.  RAM
> arrays are included in that count.
>
> (snip)
>
> > Once you got some design software, you might also try to synthesize
> > your design (provided it has been finished already) and try to fit
> > it into different FPGA types. There you will also see how much of
> > the FPGAs' capacity would be used.
>
> This is probably the best way.  First, the manufacturer given gate count is
> a maximum, and you should expect somewhat less.   There may be a wide
> variation on how much you actually get.
>
> -- glen


Article: 60068
Subject: Re: New to FPGA, seeking advice
From: "Ralph Mason" <masonralph_at_yahoo_dot_com@thisisnotarealaddress.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Sep 2003 06:53:59 +1200
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
"Brian Fairchild" <spam.spam@spam.com> wrote in message
news:jhcclv0p5n1628t9s1cdfpthac60ltjub4@4ax.com...

> efficient is a typical design? For instance, if I want to make a 16 by
> 16 CPU controlled crosspoint how many FPGA gates will I need? I can
> see that I need 16 OR gates each with 16 AND array inputs for the
> output terms, 64 latches to store the selection and some more gates to
> do the latch address decoding. Is there any easy way to choose the

Just as an academic thing for myself.

Is a bi-directional crosspoint switch able to be produced with a FPGA?  My
understanding is they are a matrix of fets each one having a memory cell to
store it's setting.

So I would say that it was impossible. Even a fully digital one would still
require that an an I/O pin can be used for input and output at the same
time.

Can anyone confirm or deny?

Thanks
Ralph





Article: 60069
Subject: Re: Moving Sum
From: Ray Andraka <ray@andraka.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 15:03:34 -0400
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Regardless which method is used, using a CIC limits the number of memory
transactions per sample to just two: a read and a write.  The memory is used as
a delay queue, so the read pointer is N samples behind the write pointer.  The
memory required for all those channels is pretty big, so DRAM would be the way
to go if you are using semiconductor memories.  Since the addressing can easily
be made linear, you can simplify it by using page mode or burst accesses.   This
should make it fast enough to multiplex many channels into one memory .

--
--Ray Andraka, P.E.
President, the Andraka Consulting Group, Inc.
401/884-7930     Fax 401/884-7950
email ray@andraka.com
http://www.andraka.com

 "They that give up essential liberty to obtain a little
  temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
                                          -Benjamin Franklin, 1759



Article: 60070
Subject: Re: New to FPGA, seeking advice
From: Brian Fairchild <spam.spam@spam.com>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 20:08:03 +0100
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
In a flurry of electrons Ralph Mason spake thus:

>"Brian Fairchild" <spam.spam@spam.com> wrote in message
>news:jhcclv0p5n1628t9s1cdfpthac60ltjub4@4ax.com...
>
>> efficient is a typical design? For instance, if I want to make a 16 by
>> 16 CPU controlled crosspoint how many FPGA gates will I need? I can
>> see that I need 16 OR gates each with 16 AND array inputs for the
>> output terms, 64 latches to store the selection and some more gates to
>> do the latch address decoding. Is there any easy way to choose the
>
>Just as an academic thing for myself.
>
>Is a bi-directional crosspoint switch able to be produced with a FPGA?  My
>understanding is they are a matrix of fets each one having a memory cell to
>store it's setting.
>
>So I would say that it was impossible. Even a fully digital one would still
>require that an an I/O pin can be used for input and output at the same
>time.

To clarify, what I wanted to do as an example was a uni-directional
crosspoint.
-- 
Brian Fairchild
B dot Fairchild at Dial dot Pipex dot Com

"But apart from that Mrs Lincoln, how did you enjoy the play?"

Article: 60071
Subject: Re: More EDK Problems..... :-(
From: antti@case2000.com (Antti Lukats)
Date: 4 Sep 2003 12:33:29 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
"Rgr" <find@ham.dk> wrote in message news:<bj6ubr$f7$1@news.net.uni-c.dk>...
> When I add an interrupt controller to my design I get the following error
> when I try to generate libraries:
> What does this error mean???

someone at xilinx may know :)
we found it extremly difficult to make a system from ground up
its simpler to take some existing design and modify it, so take
a desing with interrupt controller, synthesize it, verify it is ok
then compare with your design,..

there are really lots of problems with XPS, lots of things fail
and the problems are not always visible

antti
http://www.graphord.com/forum

Article: 60072
Subject: Re: New to FPGA, seeking advice
From: "Glen Herrmannsfeldt" <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 19:44:49 GMT
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>

"Austin Lesea" <Austin.Lesea@xilinx.com> wrote in message
news:3F5782D1.746E1D51@xilinx.com...
> All,
>
> I beg to differ.  We have not only a good solution, but a great solution:
>
> http://www.xilinx.com/prs_rls/end_markets/02151crossbar.htm
>
> The worlds first FPGA cross bar switch that uses the programmable
interconnect
> as....well, as a corss bar switch!  Extremely efficient (able to do
1024x1024 in
> a 2V6000 at 155 Mbs each wire, non-blocking).
>
> For a really small cross bar, one could use the ICAP with the microblaze
for
> control, and a bram for the patterns....and perhaps only 16 CLBs for a
16X16
> non-blocking cross point switch.....

That does sound pretty neat.   I was thinking of it in terms of
synthesizable logic using CLB's.

Can you do a barrel shifter for floating point
prenormalization/postnormalization that way, too?

-- glen



Article: 60073
Subject: Disable Pull up
From: "master" <ff@pla.it>
Date: Thu, 04 Sep 2003 19:54:54 GMT
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Someone knows like turn off the  "pull up" that the family "spartan2"
connects for default to " tristate" placed inner lines in, from buffer "
Tbuf"?
I use "Xilinx ISE 4.1ì" and  language "vhdl".
thanks



Article: 60074
Subject: Re: FPGA/DSP Expert - business partner for innovative FFT
From: kim.seung@sbcglobal.net (Seung)
Date: 4 Sep 2003 12:55:43 -0700
Links: << >>  << T >>  << A >>
Dear Arrigo

The patent you mentioned is only the first one and not directly
related to FFT. Following FFT specific patent is granted but not yet
complete (I have to pay an issuance fee yet).

The patent has nothing to do with sliding FFT, though it can perform
inter-block pipelined (any block) transforms. The row- and column-transform
are not related to row and column transform of a 2-D FFT as you described.

The innovation is based on sampling and reconstruction
of bandlimited signals (harmonic limited) of finite support in
multi-dimensional space. 

Seung


Arrigo Benedetti <arrigo@vision.caltech.edu> wrote in message news:<q0iso9qbjf.fsf@vision.caltech.edu>...
> I have spent some time to study this patent and, to be honest, I have not found much innovation at all.
> I might have missed something, but this seems a standard 2-D FFT implemented as a 1-D row (column) FFT
> followed by N 1-D column (row) transforms. The memory requirement for the column transforms is of N words
> for each transform for a total of N^2. This makes the architecture quite impractical for an FPGA implementation
> of large size transform.
> The basic block seems to be related to the sliding 1-D FFT, which has complexity N instead of N log(N).
> This would reduce the complexity of the 2-D FFT from N^2 log(N) to N^2.



> (I am using the conditional since I have not spent much time on this.)
> I have seen very few references in the literature to the sliding FFT; if anyone is interested I can send the copy
> of an IEEE paper about it.
> Any other comments?
> 
> -Arrigo



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